Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

Introduction

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technique that uses electrical impulses to stimulate nerves and muscles to restore or improve function in individuals with neuromuscular impairments. It is commonly used in rehabilitation to assist with movement, muscle strength, and motor control, especially in individuals with conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. The electrical signals mimic the natural signals sent from the brain, causing the muscles to contract and aiding in voluntary movement.

Scheduling: How much time do you need?

The duration and frequency of FES therapy can vary depending on the individual’s needs and goals. Generally, FES sessions range from 30 minutes to an hour, and most rehabilitation programs recommend 2 to 5 sessions per week. A healthcare professional will typically create a personalized schedule to ensure optimal results, considering the patient’s specific condition and progress over time.

Pros & Cons

Pros:

• Helps restore lost muscle function and improve strength.
• Reduces muscle atrophy in people with spinal cord injuries or stroke.
• Can enhance circulation and reduce spasticity.
• May improve the ability to perform activities of daily living.

Cons:

• Requires a significant time commitment for regular sessions.
• May cause skin irritation or discomfort due to electrodes.
• Not suitable for everyone; individuals with certain medical conditions may not be able to use FES.
• Costly if not covered by insurance.

Target Audience: Who can benefit?

FES is beneficial for individuals with various neuromuscular disorders, including:

• Spinal cord injury (SCI)
• Stroke survivors
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
• Cerebral palsy patients
• Individuals with foot drop

Additionally, FES may be used in elderly populations or individuals with muscle weakness to improve mobility and prevent muscle loss.

Exercises: What to do?

FES can be incorporated into various exercise routines, often guided by a therapist. Common exercises include:

• Leg and foot stimulation to assist with walking (especially for foot drop).
• Arm and hand stimulation to restore fine motor control, especially post-stroke.
• Cycling on a stationary bike using FES to activate leg muscles.
• FES-assisted rowing or swimming for full-body engagement.

These exercises aim to promote functional movements and improve coordination.

References: Who talks about it?

Numerous medical professionals, research institutions, and rehabilitation centers discuss the benefits of FES. Key references include:

• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
• Research articles in journals such as "Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"
• Rehabilitation centers like Craig Hospital and Shepherd Center, which specialize in spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Cost: How much do you need to spend?

The cost of FES can vary widely depending on the equipment and services involved. Home-use FES devices can range from $500 to $5,000, while clinical sessions may cost $100 to $300 per session. Insurance may cover part or all of the cost for those with medical conditions such as stroke or SCI, but out-of-pocket expenses can be significant without coverage.